Howard Gardner

Who is Howard Gardner?

Howard Earl Gardner was born July 11, 1943 in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He is an American developmental psychologist who is based at Harvard University. He is best known for his theory of multiple intelligences.

Multiple Intelligence Theory:

Howard Gardner suggested that every individual manifests varying levels of intelligences. In 1999 Gardner listed eight intelligences as linguistic, logic-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal and intrapersonal. Gardner believed that each intelligence has a distinct course of development and end state. A major criticism of this theory is that it has never been tested, or subjected to peer review

How the theory can be used in the teaching of the TAS stage 5 specialization:

Gardner emphasized that a lengthy process of education is required to transform any raw potential into a mature social role. Gardner is still considering a ninth, or existential intelligence, but has not added it yet

References for further reading:

Businessballs.com. Multiple Intelligences Test - based on Howard Gardner's MI Model. Retrieved 02/06/2010 from: http://www.businessballs.com/freepdfmaterials/free_multiple_intelligences_test_young_people.pdf

Howard Gardner. 1982. Art, mind and brain: a cognitive approach to creativity. Basic Books

Howard Gardner. 1993. Creating minds: an anatomy of creativity seen through the lives of Freud, Einstein, Picasso, Stravinsky, Eliot, Graham, and Gandhi.

Howard Gardner. 2006. Multiple intelligences: new horizons. Basic Books

Rashmi Kumbar. 2006. Application of Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory for the Effective Use of Library Resources by K-2 Students: An Experimented Model. Retrieved 02/06/2010 from: http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla72/papers/142-Kumbar-en.pdf